Eu tentei rodar e não gerou a tabela. O que aconteceu?
 
> require(dplyr)
Carregando pacotes exigidos: dplyr
 
Attaching package: ‘dplyr’
 
The following objects are masked from ‘package:stats’:
 
    filter, lag
 
The following objects are masked from ‘package:base’:
 
    intersect, setdiff, setequal, union
 
> require(knitr)
Carregando pacotes exigidos: knitr
Warning message:
package ‘knitr’ was built under R version 3.6.2 
> require(kableExtra)
Carregando pacotes exigidos: kableExtra
 
Attaching package: ‘kableExtra’
 
The following object is masked from ‘package:dplyr’:
 
    group_rows
 
Warning message:
package ‘kableExtra’ was built under R version 3.6.2 
> require(rticles)
Carregando pacotes exigidos: rticles
> Mercury <- c(57900000, 4878, 1416, 88, 0.38, 100, 0)
> Venus <- c(108160000, 12104, 5832, 224, 0.9, 480, 0)
> Earth <- c(149600000, 12756, 24, 365, 1, 14, 1)
> Mars <- c(227936640, 6794, 24, 687, 0.38, -63, 2)
> Jupiter <- c(778369000, 142984, 10, 4380, 2.64, -130, 79)
> Saturn <- c(1427034000, 120536, 11, 10585, 1.16, -130, 62)
> Uranus <- c(2870658186, 51118, 17, 30660, 1.11, -200, 27)
> Neptune <- c(4496976000, 49532, 16, 60225, 1.21, -200, 14)
> df <- rbind(Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune)
> colnames(df) <- c("DFS", "Diameter","Day","Year","Gravity","Temperature","Moons")
> kable(df, caption = "Planetary Statistics.",
+             booktabs = T, linesep = "", align = "lcccccc", format = "latex") %>%
+ kable_styling(bootstrap_options = "condensed", latex_options = "striped",
+               stripe_color = "#D9D8D8") %>%
+ kable_styling(font_size = 10) %>%
+ kable_styling(latex_options = "HOLD_position") %>%
+ footnote(alphabet = "https://www.bobthealien.co.uk/solarsystem/table.htm",
+          alphabet_title = "Source:", footnote_as_chunk = T) %>%
+ footnote(alphabet = "average temperature in oC",
+          alphabet_title = "Temperature:", footnote_as_chunk = T) %>%
+ footnote(alphabet = "ratio to Earth's gravity",
+          alphabet_title = "Gravity:", footnote_as_chunk = T) %>%
+ footnote(alphabet = "time to complete a full rotation around the sun in days",
+          alphabet_title = "Year:", footnote_as_chunk = T) %>%
+ footnote(alphabet = "time to complete a full rotation over its axis in hours",
+          alphabet_title = "Day:", footnote_as_chunk = T) %>%
+ footnote(alphabet = "in km",
+          alphabet_title = "Diameter:", footnote_as_chunk = T) %>%
+ footnote(alphabet = "distance from the sun in km",
+          alphabet_title = "DFS:",  footnote_as_chunk = T)
\begin{table}[H]
 
\caption{\label{tab:}Planetary Statistics.}
\centering
\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont
\begin{tabular}[t]{llcccccc}
\toprule
  & DFS & Diameter & Day & Year & Gravity & Temperature & Moons\\
\midrule
\rowcolor[HTML]{D9D8D8}  Mercury & 57900000 & 4878 & 1416 & 88 & 0.38 & 100 & 0\\
Venus & 108160000 & 12104 & 5832 & 224 & 0.90 & 480 & 0\\
\rowcolor[HTML]{D9D8D8}  Earth & 149600000 & 12756 & 24 & 365 & 1.00 & 14 & 1\\
Mars & 227936640 & 6794 & 24 & 687 & 0.38 & -63 & 2\\
\rowcolor[HTML]{D9D8D8}  Jupiter & 778369000 & 142984 & 10 & 4380 & 2.64 & -130 & 79\\
Saturn & 1427034000 & 120536 & 11 & 10585 & 1.16 & -130 & 62\\
\rowcolor[HTML]{D9D8D8}  Uranus & 2870658186 & 51118 & 17 & 30660 & 1.11 & -200 & 27\\
Neptune & 4496976000 & 49532 & 16 & 60225 & 1.21 & -200 & 14\\
\bottomrule
\multicolumn{8}{l}{\textit{DFS:} \textsuperscript{a} distance from the sun in km}\\
\multicolumn{8}{l}{\textit{Diameter:} \textsuperscript{a} in km}\\
\multicolumn{8}{l}{\textit{Day:} \textsuperscript{a} time to complete a full rotation over its axis in hours}\\
\multicolumn{8}{l}{\textit{Year:} \textsuperscript{a} time to complete a full rotation around the sun in days}\\
\multicolumn{8}{l}{\textit{Gravity:} \textsuperscript{a} ratio to Earth's gravity}\\
\multicolumn{8}{l}{\textit{Temperature:} \textsuperscript{a} average temperature in oC}\\
\multicolumn{8}{l}{\textit{Source:} \textsuperscript{a} https://www.bobthealien.co.uk/solarsystem/table.htm}\\
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
 
Olá pessoal,
 
Paz e bem,
 
O arquivo Rmd que segue anexo (e abaixo); produz um documento no formato pdf que contém a tabela exemplo ilustrada abaixo. 
 
Eu utilizei um template do pacote "rticles" que possui uma formatação esteticamente agradável.
 
T1.png
Contudo, o tamanho da fonte do caption da tabela é menor do que o tamanho da fonte no corpo da tabela o que, a meu ver, quebra a harmonia do documento e gera um desconforto cognitivo apreciável. 
 
Eu não sei onde é definido o tamanho da fonte do caption, talvez no template que eu utilizei (arquivo csl também segue anexo).  Apesar de ter pesquisado bastante, não consegui encontrar solução que me permitisse realizar dois ajustes: (1) Trocar o "Table 1" por "Tabela 1" e aumentar o tamanho da fonte do caption. 
 
Agradeço as orientações que vocês possam me passar. 
 
Muito obrigado.
 
-- 

Paulo Eduardo de Mesquita

Disciplina de Infectologia - Faculdade de Medicina  Universidade do Oeste Paulista Presidente Prudente - São Paulo - Brasil

telefone: 5518 97718261

 
 
---
title: Planetary Statistics
author:
  - name: Alice Anonymous
    email: alice@example.com
    affiliation: Some Institute of Technology
    footnote: 1
  - name: Bob Security
    email: bob@example.com
    affiliation: Another University
address:
  - code: Some Institute of Technology
    address: Department, Street, City, State, Zip
  - code: Another University
    address: Department, Street, City, State, Zip
footnote:
  - code: 1
    text: "Corresponding Author"
  - code: 2
    text: "Equal contribution"
journal: "An awesome journal"
date: "`r Sys.Date()`"
csl: elsevier-harvard.csl
output: rticles::elsevier_article
geometry: "left=3cm,right=2cm,top=2cm,bottom=2cm"
---

```{r 1, include = TRUE, message=FALSE, warning=FALSE}
require(dplyr)
require(knitr)
require(kableExtra)
require(rticles)

Mercury <- c(57900000, 4878, 1416, 88, 0.38, 100, 0)
Venus <- c(108160000, 12104, 5832, 224, 0.9, 480, 0)
Earth <- c(149600000, 12756, 24, 365, 1, 14, 1)
Mars <- c(227936640, 6794, 24, 687, 0.38, -63, 2)
Jupiter <- c(778369000, 142984, 10, 4380, 2.64, -130, 79)
Saturn <- c(1427034000, 120536, 11, 10585, 1.16, -130, 62)
Uranus <- c(2870658186, 51118, 17, 30660, 1.11, -200, 27)
Neptune <- c(4496976000, 49532, 16, 60225, 1.21, -200, 14)

df <- rbind(Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune)

colnames(df) <- c("DFS", "Diameter","Day","Year","Gravity","Temperature","Moons")

kable(df, caption = "Planetary Statistics.",
            booktabs = T, linesep = "", align = "lcccccc", format = "latex") %>%
kable_styling(bootstrap_options = "condensed", latex_options = "striped",
              stripe_color = "#D9D8D8") %>%
kable_styling(font_size = 10) %>%
kable_styling(latex_options = "HOLD_position") %>%
footnote(alphabet = "https://www.bobthealien.co.uk/solarsystem/table.htm",
         alphabet_title = "Source:", footnote_as_chunk = T) %>%
footnote(alphabet = "average temperature in oC",
         alphabet_title = "Temperature:", footnote_as_chunk = T) %>%
footnote(alphabet = "ratio to Earth's gravity",
         alphabet_title = "Gravity:", footnote_as_chunk = T) %>%
footnote(alphabet = "time to complete a full rotation around the sun in days",
         alphabet_title = "Year:", footnote_as_chunk = T) %>%
footnote(alphabet = "time to complete a full rotation over its axis in hours",
         alphabet_title = "Day:", footnote_as_chunk = T) %>%
footnote(alphabet = "in km",
         alphabet_title = "Diameter:", footnote_as_chunk = T) %>%
footnote(alphabet = "distance from the sun in km",
         alphabet_title = "DFS:",  footnote_as_chunk = T)
```
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